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Letter to the editor: "Clinical significance of micronutrient supplements in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis".
Córdova, C, Brito, CJ, Nóbrega, OT
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2023;:275-276
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The conundrum of human immune system "senescence".
Pawelec, G, Bronikowski, A, Cunnane, SC, Ferrucci, L, Franceschi, C, Fülöp, T, Gaudreau, P, Gladyshev, VN, Gonos, ES, Gorbunova, V, et al
Mechanisms of ageing and development. 2020;:111357
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Free full text
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Abstract
There is a great deal of debate on the question of whether or not we know what ageing is (Ref. Cohen et al., 2020). Here, we consider what we believe to be the especially confused and confusing case of the ageing of the human immune system, commonly referred to as "immunosenescence". But what exactly is meant by this term? It has been used loosely in the literature, resulting in a certain degree of confusion as to its definition and implications. Here, we argue that only those differences in immune parameters between younger and older adults that are associated in some definitive manner with detrimental health outcomes and/or impaired survival prospects should be classed as indicators of immunosenescence in the strictest sense of the word, and that in humans we know remarkably little about their identity. Such biomarkers of immunosenescence may nonetheless indicate beneficial effects in other contexts, consistent with the notion of antagonistic pleiotropy. Identifying what could be true immunosenescence in this respect requires examining: (1) what appears to correlate with age, though generality across human populations is not yet confirmed; (2) what clearly is part of a suite of canonical changes in the immune system that happen with age; (3) which subset of those changes accelerates rather than slows aging; and (4) all changes, potentially population-specific, that accelerate agig. This remains an immense challenge. These questions acquire an added urgency in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, given the clearly greater susceptibility of older adults to COVID-19.
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Multiple Cold-Water Immersions Attenuate Muscle Damage but not Alter Systemic Inflammation and Muscle Function Recovery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.
Siqueira, AF, Vieira, A, Bottaro, M, Ferreira-Júnior, JB, Nóbrega, OT, de Souza, VC, Marqueti, RC, Babault, N, Durigan, JLQ
Scientific reports. 2018;(1):10961
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple cold-water immersions (CWIs) on muscle function, markers of muscle damage, systemic inflammation and ECM degradation following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Thirty physically active males were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 15) or cold-water immersion (CWI) group (n = 15). The CWI group performed one immersion (10 °C for 20 min) at post-exercise and every 24 h for the following 72 h, while the control group remained in a seated position during these corresponding periods. Muscle strength, vertical jump height, muscle thickness, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), systemic creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity were assessed at Pre, Post, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h following EIMD. No significant time × group interaction was obtained for muscle strength, vertical jump height recovery and MMP-2 activity (p > 0.05). At 24 h, muscle thickness from the CWI group returned to baseline and was lower than the control (p = 0.04). DOMS returned to baseline at 168 h for the CWI group (p = 0.109) but not for the control (p = 0.008). At 168 h, CK showed a time-group difference with a greater peak for the control group (p = 0.016). In conclusion, multiple CWIs attenuated muscle damage, but not altered systemic inflammation and muscle function recovery.
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Usual dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors in older Brazilian women.
Nóbrega, OT, Paula, RS, Silveira, SR, Pires, AS, Toledo, JO, Moraes, CF, Córdova, C
Aging clinical and experimental research. 2012;(6):669-74
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate habitual macronutrient intake and its association with common cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian elderly women. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study with 293 subjects. Carbohydrate, protein and lipid intakes were determined based on a non-consecutive three-day dietary record. The following conditions were evaluated: dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data revealed an elevated prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors in the sample. Higher energy intake from omega-3 fatty acid was associated with elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), whereas a diet pattern with a relatively lower energy content from monounsaturated fatty acids was associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results corroborate experimental reports and contribute by suggesting that the usual diet, independently of supplementation, may be valuable in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases of aging.
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The higher exercise intensity and the presence of allele I of ACE gene elicit a higher post-exercise blood pressure reduction and nitric oxide release in elderly women: an experimental study.
Santana, HA, Moreira, SR, Neto, WB, Silva, CB, Sales, MM, Oliveira, VN, Asano, RY, Espíndola, FS, Nóbrega, OT, Campbell, CS, et al
BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2011;:71
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of the I allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with higher levels of circulating ACE, lower nitric oxide (NO) release and hypertension. The purposes of this study were to analyze the post-exercise salivary nitrite (NO2-) and blood pressure (BP) responses to different exercise intensities in elderly women divided according to their ACE genotype. METHODS Participants (n = 30; II/ID = 20 and DD = 10) underwent three experimental sessions: incremental test - IT (15 watts workload increase/3 min) until exhaustion; 20 min exercise 90% anaerobic threshold (90% AT); and 20 min control session without exercise. Volunteers had their BP and NO2- measured before and after experimental sessions. RESULTS Despite both intensities showed protective effect on preventing the increase of BP during post-exercise recovery compared to control, post-exercise hypotension and increased NO2- release was observed only for carriers of the I allele (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Genotypes of the ACE gene may exert a role in post-exercise NO release and BP response.